3D bioprinting is revolutionizing medical research by transforming medical images into human tissue. Mayo Clinic researchers are creating tissue models of different body parts to study and treat complex disorders. This technology could eventually enable 3D bioprinters to mold living cells into therapies and cures.

“3D bioprinters function like traditional 3D printers but use biocompatible materials with living cells to create tissue structures that enhance human health,” explains Kevin Dicker, Ph.D., a bioprinting expert. “These bioprinters are vital tools for accelerating tissue engineering research.”

Potential Of 3D Bioprinting In Medical Research

3D bioprinting captivates researchers with its potential to study disease progression and test new treatments for conditions like end-stage organ failure, cartilage defects, and atopic dermatitis (eczema). Dr. Dicker and his team are developing standard procedures for biomanufacturing tissues for early-stage clinical trials. Mayo Clinic aims to integrate tissue engineering into therapies validated through clinical trials.

Bioprinting With Living Cells

Using digital blueprints from MRI or CT scans, 3D bioprinters create tissues layer by layer. This technology precisely places bioinks made from living cells, hydrogels, biomaterials, and growth factors, creating 3D models that mimic human organs, muscles, or cartilage. “We can formulate bioinks with gelatin-like materials and encapsulate living cells to print tissue into desired shapes,” says Dr. Dicker. This innovative method is promising for regenerative medicine, potentially transforming lab research and clinical practices by creating replacements for damaged or diseased tissues.

Bioprinting Human Organs

Advances in 3D bioprinting allow researchers to explore bioprinting human organs. For example, Mayo Clinic has developed bioprinted skin that mimics inflammatory skin diseases. Dr. Saranya Wyles uses this model to study conditions like atopic dermatitis. “Our 3D skin model replicates human skin, providing a platform for studying inflammatory conditions and testing new therapies,” says Dr. Wyles.

Beyond disease models, 3D bioprinting promises to manufacture human tissues and organs. “Our goal is to print organs and tissues on demand, addressing the global shortage of donor organs. Printing functional kidneys would significantly relieve the healthcare system,” says Dr. Dicker.

Challenges To 3D Bioprinting

Despite its potential, 3D bioprinting faces challenges. Ensuring bioprinted organs have adequate blood, oxygen, and nutrient supply is critical. Researchers also struggle with creating capillary networks in bioprinted structures and integrating these tissues into the human body without rejection.